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meander scar
A meander scar, occasionally meander scarp,〔Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press dictionary of science and technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-12-200400-0, page 1333〕 is a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel. They are characterized by "a crescentic cut in a bluff or valley wall, produced by...a meandering stream."〔Robert Latimer Bates, Julia A. Jackson, American Geological Institute, Dictionary of geological terms, Random House, Inc., 1984, ISBN 0-385-18101-9, page 315〕〔''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Geography'', M.S. Rao, 2005, ISBN 81-7488-154-9, page 745〕〔Jesse V. Howell, Glossary of geology and related sciences: a cooperative project of the American Geological Institute, 1960, page 180〕 They are often formed during the creation of oxbow lakes.〔Ann Bowen, John Pallister, Understanding GCSE Geography, page 40, Heinemann, 2006, ISBN 0-435-35171-0〕〔Stephen Codrington, Planet geography, Solid Star Press, 2005, ISBN 0-9579819-3-7, page 158〕〔Gregorich, ''Soil and environmental science dictionary'', CRC Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3115-3, page 221〕
The term itself may refer alternatively to the actual cuts into the bank of a bluff,〔 or to the general feature of a drying or dried meander.〔 Both uses, however, describe features of the same process.
Meander scars are caused by the varying velocities of current within the river channel. Due to higher velocity current on the outer banks of the river through the bend, more erosion occurs causing the characteristic steep outer slopes.〔 In certain habitats, if the scar has sufficient water, or as an oxbow lake fills with sediment, these areas may become marshes or wetlands.〔Ritter, Michael E., The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography, 2006, ()〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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